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It's funny that the federation ia the model always promoted by them libcoms as the alternative to a government, yet many big governments worldwide are federations already. Russia is a federation of autonomous "oblast" managed, more by negotiation than top-down decree, by a presidential regime. A federation governed by a more horizontal management system would be more like socialist Yugoslavia or Vietnam. In both cases, these federations were subverted by power-hungry bureaucracies. Which is in itself revealing.

Another thing... The closest historical instance of a successful anarchistic federation of sorts was the Phoenicians. Unlike the CNT they never had to collaborate with States but rather profit from these, while gaining also the respect from authoritarian regimes.