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"Meat-Eating Among the Earliest Humans" Is an on point interesting read, even with slightly less meat & civilization bias than other scientific reports. Most of it speaks to butchering not killing, scavenging with stone tools not suitable for hunting but cutting flesh and bashing open bones for marrow and skulls for brains, not spears and arrowheads. The anarcho-ecology colonization theory is in line with early human primates initially scavenging due to drastic change in environmental conditions, but then some eventually adapting into a more colonizing lifeway incorporating persistent carnivorous scavenging. This would have been an early step toward colonizing culture.

The likely timeline is that earliest bipedal primates foraged for millions of years, then scavenged for perhaps over a million more before the rather recent advent of organized hunting. Our herbivore biological bodies had time to adapt to including meat in the diet, and the fact that our bodies had to adapt points to meat not being our biological origins. Our biology followed our behavior.

Still to this day, of all the diets out there vegan is healthiest, especially raw vegan. Some patriarchal & civilization bias: Women who eat raw vegan are less fertile, perhaps due to lower body weight. Perhaps that's nature's way of keeping populations healthier and in check. Another glaring hint that meat and civilization are not an effective evolutionary path is how the "large brains come at a cost, making childbirth more difficult and painful for human mothers than for our nearest evolutionary kin"

The report connects early human behavior with modern chimp behavior - 3% of their diet is hunted meat. Besides saying it's a stretch to assume early human diets were the same as chimp diets, I question the validity of comparing any animal behavior in today's environment so heavily impacted and degraded by civilization to earlier times.

The author's portrayal of 'required nutrients' has a strong civilization bias. For example, B12 (that she says is only found in meat) is the biproduct of a bacteria found in soils that early humans ate roots from, and that washes into waterways that early humans drank from. Another underlying bias - it's good that humans developed 'big brains'. If that's what turned us into a colonizing species that brought Earth into its current condition, philosophy has to work hard to justify the big brained human 'goodness'.

Gotta give the Briana credit for rejecting Dart's misinterpretations on his Killer Ape theory that remains in the modern conscious to this day. It's kinda ironic that his proof of humans hunting other animals turned out to be jaw bones of humans being eaten by the likes of hyenas. And his proof of humans murdering each other being a child carried off by a raptor.

The later evidence that starts to point to humans hunting species of antelopes and zebras that went extinct doesn't question the possibility of human's role in causing these extinctions.

'meat made us human'? Maybe 'meat made us civilized' hmmmm … 'meat made us colonize'

Thanks for making me think.